为经验的建构以及基本概念的建构这些我们思维方面所做的探索就是康德的工作的起点。他看到我们不能得见于一向的经验。

这一引述在第一批判的开头很出名：“经验就是，毫无疑问，所有知识都开始于此。”但是他没说：我们以之进行思维的概念也来自经验。这就是休谟和英国经验论者的思路。

相反，他展示了概念已总是对经验本身有着本质构成上的必要性。这一事实即把每一已知数、每一自然变化都归因于自我，而非起始的经验，相反是它首先使经验成为可能。康德因此来到了他有名的构想上——想想如今的电脑的话，恐怕会清晰得多，如电脑普遍、不受限制和不可思议的强大记录功能。如果那就是我们不得不获得关于世界的认知的唯一方法，那么我们就将深陷迷途并且会闷死在信息数据的大海中，而且不再有什么能明示（inform）给我们。明示（inform）的意思就是说使其自身在混乱杂多中保持对特定问题的指向。所以，我们已经从这个极端的例子里看到，这样的迷信今天困扰着我们，就好像计算机科学是科学的终结。不，它是一个很好的工具，不过是一个预告了对科学的想象及批判能有的最大维度的工具。

(资料图片仅供参考)

好了，那就是一个最通俗的例子来说康德为什么能够说使经验成立的概念不是经验的事物它们本身，而是使我们的经验成为可能的条件。

我们可以说，大家注意到的一切都还未加审视（judgment）。这个词“审视（judgment）”，是完全褒义的德文词。它表明什么是问题，什么是重要的。审视是明白怎样去分别本质的与非本质的。说一个人会审视就是说他不仅是会某种照搬的行为。相反，他看得到问题所在以及可能如何，并且能够在诸可能性中洞见正确的那个，否则我们会说他没有审视能力。那些能被搞清楚的事物都靠一个关键词，也就是“先天的（a priori）”。这什么意思呢？它只是意味着那能成为经验的东西必然已在概念的形式中提出了问题。

This search for the contribution of experience and the contribution of the basic concepts in terms of which we think is the starting point for Kant's work.He saw that we cannot get past experience.The quote from the famous beginning of the first Critique:"Experience is,without a doubt,what all knowledge begins with."

But he doesn't say,the concepts with which we think are also acquired from experience.That was the line of Hume and the English empiricists.

Rather,he shows that the concepts already always have a constitutive necessity to experience itself.The fact that the self attributes a cause to every datum,to every change in nature,is not at first experience,but makes experience possible in the first place.Kant thus came to his famous formulation,which can be made clear if we think about today's computer,which its universal,unrestricted and unimaginably vast recording power.

If that were the only way we have to acquire knowledge of the world,then we would be lost and we'd suffocate in a forest of information,and nothing would inform us.For the inmform means learning to orient oneself in a specific issue under ambiguity.So,we already see from this extrem example,this superstition which sometimes worries us today,as if computer science were the end of science.No!It is a woderful instrument,but an instrument that presupposes the greatest degree of scientific imagination and criticism.

Well,that is a popular illustration why Kant could say the concepts by which we have experience are not themselves objiect of experience,but conditions that make our experience possible.

We can say,someone who notice everything is without judgment.The word judgment is quite nice in German.It indicates that which matters,what's important.Judgment is knowing how to distinguish between the essential and non-essential.To say a person has judgment means he isn't just some sort of registering reaction.Rather,he sees issues and possibilites,and is able to find among the possibilities the right ones,otherwise we'd say he has no judgment.What can be made clear by the use of such a popular illustration is a key term:namely,the a priori.What does it mean?It simply means that to be able have experience,one must already put questions in form of concepts.